MC-PAOX03
显热和潜热都对冷负荷有贡献
一栋建筑物的。将热量添加到
有条件的空间。当添加水分时，热增益是潜在的
至空间（例如，通过乘员和其他
来源）。为了保持空间中的恒定湿度比，
水蒸气的去除率必须等于
添加到空间中。
传导是热量在
具有不同空间温度的相邻空间。炎热可能
穿过外墙和屋顶，或穿过楼板，
墙壁或天花板。太阳辐射加热表面，然后
将热量传递到周围的空气中。内部热增量为
由乘员、照明和设备产生。温暖的空气
通过渗透和通风进入建筑物
有助于热量增加。
建筑方向、内外遮阳、角度
和盛行风影响太阳的数量
热量增加，这可能是主要的热源。太阳能热
通过窗户接收的热量会立即增加。区域
有大窗户的人在冬天可能会获得更多的阳光
而不是夏天。建筑表面吸收太阳能，成为
加热，并将热量传递到车内空气中。的金额
复合材料各层的温度变化
表面取决于热流阻力和厚度
每种材料的。
乘员、照明、设备和室外空气通风
渗透要求有助于内部热量的增加。
例如，坐在桌子旁的成年人产生大约400 Btu的热量
每小时。白炽灯照明产生的热量比
荧光灯。复印机、计算机和其他办公设备
机器也会显著增加内部热量。

Both sensible and latent heat contribute to the cooling load of a building. Heat gain is sensible when heat is added to the conditioned space. Heat gain is latent when moisture is added to the space (e.g., by vapor emitted by occupants and other sources). To maintain a constant humidity ratio in the space, water vapor must be removed at a rate equal to its rate of addition into the space. Conduction is the process by which heat moves between adjoining spaces with unequal space temperatures. Heat may move through exterior walls and the roof, or through floors, walls, or ceilings. Solar radiation heats surfaces which then transfer the heat to the surrounding air. Internal heat gain is generated by occupants, lighting, and equipment. Warm air entering a building by infiltration and through ventilation also contributes to heat gain. Building orientation, interior and exterior shading, the angle of the sun, and prevailing winds affect the amount of solar heat gain, which can be a major source of heat. Solar heat received through windows causes immediate heat gain. Areas with large windows may experience more solar gain in winter than in summer. Building surfaces absorb solar energy, become heated, and transfer the heat to interior air. The amount of change in temperature through each layer of a composite surface depends on the resistance to heat flow and thickness of each material. Occupants, lighting, equipment, and outdoor air ventilation and infiltration requirements contribute to internal heat gain. For example, an adult sitting at a desk produces about 400 Btu per hour. Incandescent lighting produces more heat than fluorescent lighting. Copiers, computers, and other office machines also contribute significantly to internal heat gain.